Pharmaceutical Sciences 541: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics I

Final Examination

 

Instructor: S.E. Hendrickson

Term: Fall 2004

Date: 9/27/04

 

The following exam contains 30 questions, valued at 3 points/question, for a total of 90 points

 

NAME  

 

Please refer to the logP table and ionization vs. pH curve at the end of the test

 

  1. The ultimate goal of drug delivery is

 

    1. Achieve the highest possible drug concentration
    2. Deliver the drug to the site of action as quickly as possible, then remove it as quickly as possible
    3. Maintain Cp between MEC and MTC for the duration of therapy
    4. All of the above

 

 

  1. Which of the following are common routes of administration

 

    1. Oral
    2. Parenteral
    3. Transdermal
    4. Ophthalmic
    5. All of the above

 

 

  1. Which of the following is not potentially rate limit to absorption

 

    1. Lipophilicity
    2. Water solubility
    3. Ionizability
    4. Ability to transition out of vascular compartment

 

 

  1. At what pH would you expect Ciprofloxacin to absorb most effectively?

 

 

    1. pH = 1
    2. pH = 4
    3. pH = 7
    4. pH = 10

 

 

  1. How does a sizable basic drug with a pKa of 10 cross a biological membrane, when the pH of the GI tract never reaches 10?

 

    1. It is able to squeeze between cells; i.e. enter by paracellular transport
    2. A significant amount of the drug can enter in the ionized form, thus disturbing the equilibrium on the luminal (GI contents) side
    3. As GI pH approaches 10, a significant ratio of drug molecules are in the unionized state, which can pass through the membrane and disturb the equilibrium on the luminal side
    4. All of the above

 

 

  1. Doxepin has a pKa of 9.2.  What would the ratio of ionized to unionized Doxepin, administered as Doxepin-HCl be at physiological pH (7.4)?

 

 

    1. Undefined.  As Doxepin was administered as the HCl salt it is entirely ionized
    2. Equal amounts; i.e. 1:1
    3. 63:1 ionized to unionized
    4. 1:63 ionized to unionized

 

  1. Calculate the logP of Cyclobenzaprine (ignore salt form shown).

 

 

    1. 7.78
    2. 8.12
    3. -7.78
    4. -8.12

 

 

  1. Based on your answer to question 7, would you expect Cyclobenzaprine to be very soluble, freely soluble, soluble, or very slightly soluble?

 

    1. Very soluble
    2. Freely soluble
    3. Soluble
    4. Very slightly soluble

 

 

  1. Which of the following local anesthetics would you expect to show the greatest lipophilicity (ignore the salt forms shown)

 

    1. Lidocaine
    2. Mepivacaine
    3. Bupivacaine
    4. Ropivacaine

 

 

  1. Which of the following antibiotics would you expect to cross phospholipid membranes most effectively at pH 8?

 

    1.  

 

 

    1.  

 

 

    1.  

 

 

 

 

 

    1.  

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following antibiotics would you expect to cross phospholipid membranes most effectively at pH 2?

 

 

    1.  

 

 

    1.  

 

 

    1.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

    1.  

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following is not an important contributor to increased water solubility for a given drug molecule

 

    1. Ion-dipole interactions
    2. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding
    3. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding
    4. Dipole-dipole interactions
    5. All are important

 

 

  1. What percentage of a cell is typically composed of phospholipid?

 

    1. 2%
    2. 7%
    3. 20%
    4. 27%
    5. 70%

 

  1. What percentage of a cell is typically composed of water?

 

    1. 2%
    2. 7%
    3. 20%
    4. 27%
    5. 70%

 

 

  1. Which of the following would you expect to show the greatest water solubility?

 

 

 

    1. Penicillin G Procaine
    2. Penicillin G Potassium
    3. Penicillin V Procaine
    4. Penicillin V Potassium

 

 

  1. Based on #15, what functional group is most likely present on Procaine?

 

    1. Amide
    2. Amine
    3. Hydroxyl
    4. Impossible to tell

 

 

  1. Which of the following mixtures would you expect to be least compatible (potential for precipitation when mixed)?

 

    1. Morphine Sulfate +  Acyclovir
    2. Morphine Sulfate + Acyclovir Sodium
    3. Morphine Sulfate + Epinephrine Hydrochloride
    4. Morphine Sulfate + Atenolol

 

 

  1. Which of the following functional groups are significantly ionized at pH values encountered in the body?

 

    1. Amino
    2. Carboxyl
    3. Nitro
    4. All of the above

 

 

  1. At what pH does the ratio of ionized Indomethacin equal that of Ephedrine?

 

    1. 4.5
    2. 7.1
    3. 9.6
    4. There is no pH where both are equally ionized

 

 

  1. Which of the following is a test for compounds that are dissolution limited in their absorption?

 

    1. Vary the pH in the GI tract
    2. Compare the absorption rate between the solid dosage form and a solution
    3. Buffer the tablet
    4. Administer parenterally

 

 

  1. How are Cellulose Acetate Phthalate enteric coatings able to remain intact in the stomach, yet dissolve in the small intestine?

 

    1. Cellulose dissolves at about the same rate as the movement of GI contents through the stomach
    2. They are subjected to digestive enzymes in the stomach, which degrades the coating by the time the small intestine is reached
    3. They contain a carboxylic acid functional group on each polymeric unit
    4. All of the above

 

 

  1. Which of the following parameters is not important to solubility?

 

    1. Boundary layer thickness
    2. The solution concentration at the solid/liquid interface
    3. Surface area
    4. Density

 

 

  1. What is the relationship between volume and surface area?

 

    1. V/A = r/3
    2. V/A = 3r
    3. V/A = r3
    4. V/A = 3r/3

 

 

  1. What is the change in surface area in reducing a solid drug from a particle size of diameter 100 mM to diameter 1 mM?

 

    1. 100x increase
    2. 50x increase
    3. 100x decrease
    4. 50x decrease

 

 

  1. Bioequivalence is defined as

 

    1. The amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation per unit time
    2. The amount of an administered dose that reaches the systemic circulation
    3. The ability of 2 different drugs to produce the same effect
    4. The ability of 2 different formulations to produce the same concentration vs. time profile      

 

 

  1. What is the molarity of a 200 mg in 5 mL Ibuprofen solution?  Ibuprofen has a mw = 206.

 

    1. .194 M
    2. 194 mM
    3. 40 mM
    4. 4.0%

 

 

  1. Which of the following solvents has the highest dielectric constant?

 

    1. Ethanol
    2. Polyethylene glycol
    3. Glycerol
    4. Propylene glycol

 

 

  1. Which of the following solventss would be the most effective for dissolving highly lipophilic drugs?

 

    1. Ethanol
    2. Polyethylene glycol
    3. Glycerol
    4. Propylene glycol

 

 

  1. How much alcohol is required to prepare a 20mg/5mL Phenobarbital elixir?  Phenobarbital has a solubility of 1g/L water and 1g/8mL ethanol.

 

    1. .28mL
    2. 2.8mL
    3. 1.43mL
    4. 14.3 mL

 

 

  1. What is the pH of a buffer containing .1M acetic acid (pKa = 4.8) and .08M sodium acetate?
    1. 4.7
    2. 4.8
    3. 4.9
    4. 5.0